Marking application methods

Stamping, engraving, laser marking, casting, printing, etching, embossing, plates, stickers and other methods.

Damaged marking plate and a piece of packaging
This illustration was created using AI and does not relate to a particular examination.

The application method is determined from relief, stroke structure, tool marks, the nature of edges, effects on the material and surface features.

What you can do

  • collect photographs of the marking and an overall view of the product;
  • preserve the surface without further cleaning;
  • formulate appropriate questions for the expert;
  • prepare a specialist opinion or an expert report review.

Expanded on 21 October 2026

Application method and content of the marking

The legible text of a marking does not always establish how it was formed. To distinguish application methods, the surface, material, relief and other available features are examined. The name of the presumed equipment must not replace a description of what was actually found.

What to prepare for inspection

  • The overall appearance of the product and the location of each marking.
  • Unaltered photographs under the available lighting conditions.
  • Documents for the model, batch and individual item.
  • The history of repairs, coating and cleaning of the area being examined.

Similar markings may serve different purposes: a part's product code and a finished product's number do not have to match. Comparison is carried out after clarifying the marking's structure, rather than requiring complete visual identity.

Do not improve legibility through mechanical or chemical intervention before reaching agreement with the expert. The feasibility of establishing the application method and the presence of signs of alteration are assessed separately, taking account of surface preservation.

On this subject: Illegible markings: what to record on the product and packaging.

Consultation

Send photographs of the marking and a description of the product

Describe the object, material, marking location and task, and attach photographs, documents, questions from the court, the previous expert's report or information about the product's origin.

  • markings on metals;
  • markings on polymers;
  • serial numbers, stamped marks and plates;
  • signs of alteration, removal or damage to a marking.

For an assessment, please attach close-up photographs of the marking, an overall view of the product, documents, questions from the court or an expert report for review.

Attachments: up to 10 files of up to 10 MB each, with a maximum combined size of 15 MB. If a file is rejected, the enquiry is not sent.

Examination of markings: metals, polymers, other materials, numbers, stamped marks and plates
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